Clean air, safer surgery: The case for filtration

For decades, ventilation has been at the centre of efforts to control airborne contamination in surgical settings. However, growing evidence and practical challenges have made something very clear; ventilation alone is not enough. The conversation must expand to include filtration as a fundamental pillar of indoor air quality in operating theatres. This article explores the interplay between ventilation and filtration in operating theatres, why the latter is often overlooked and how integrated solutions that are both smart and sustainable can better protect patients and staff while supporting long term operational goals.

Airborne contaminants in operating theatres originate from people (staff and patients), equipment and even the air supply itself. These microscopic particles are often invisible to the naked eye but can carry bacteria, viruses and other pathogens. When they settle into open surgical sites, they can cause serious post-operative infections. Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) remain a critical priority for all healthcare facilities. Despite significant progress in infection control, the problem persists. According to the BMJ,¹ an estimated 4.7per cent of adult inpatients in general and teaching hospitals across England acquired an HCAI in 2016-17, costing the NHS approximately £2.1 bn.²

The consequences of HCAIs extend well beyond the financial. These infections often lead to prolonged hospital stays, the need for additional surgery, staff absences, and considerable emotional and physical strain on patients and their families. They are responsible for around 5.6 million occupied hospital bed days, 62,500 staff absences, and 22,800 patient deaths each year.2